Abstract. The growing importance of late-stage psychopathology and the specificity of legal issues motivate the writing of this material. The diagnostic criteria for Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment are present. A comment is made on the significant diagnostic differences and behavioral features between degenerative processes and vascular-cerebral pathology. The specificities of the diagnostics and the differences between the clinical psycho-cognitive study and the expert study are highlighted. The main legal areas in which expert conclusions on mating or dementia conditions would have to be given are outlined. In summary, the essential elements of the text are synthesized.

Key words: late age, dementia, mild cognitive impairment, psychopathology, diagnosis, legal problems – responsibility, capacity, competences

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