Abstract. Introduction and objective. This study examines the impact of various dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean, ketogenic, vegan, and vegetarian diets, on depressive symptoms. The primary aim was to assess the relationship between diet quality and depression to gain insight into potential dietary interventions for improving mental health. There is growing evidence suggesting that nutrition can influence neurochemical balance in the brain, thereby affecting mood, energy levels, and overall psychological well-being. The research method involved a systematic analysis of existing studies in different databases on diet and depression, with a particular focus on the nutritional components and their antidepressant effects. Current state of knowledge. The current body of knowledge on the relationship between diet and depression points to an increasingly complex and multifaceted interaction, encompassing both the direct effects of nutrients on brain function and their influence on the immune system, inflammation, and gut microbiota. Research findings indicate that the Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced depressive symptoms due to its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, while the ketogenic diet offers potential benefits through alterations in brain energy metabolism. Vegan and vegetarian diets, although beneficial for overall health, may pose a risk for depression if potential nutrient deficiencies, such as vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids, are not addressed. Conclusion. Improving diet quality by increasing the intake of nutrient-rich foods is associated with a reduction in depressive symptoms. Further research is needed to better understand the neurophysiological mechanisms linking diet and depression.

Key words: depression, Mediterranean diet, ketogenic diet, vegan diet, vegetarian diet, antidepressant effect

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